In minecraft all the blocks are there as long as they are within rendering distance, within (x) number chunks radius are always generated around you. Because the game renders in chunks of 16x16x256, the entire chunk is rendered as long as it's close enough, not sections of it. Because of this the game uses only your X and Z (Left/right and forward/backward) coordinates to determine what chunks to render. The blocks render regardless of visibility so long as they are within your render distance, in addition, the chunks generate 65,536 blocks whether or not they are solid blocks, as air aka sky blocks occupy all the seemingly empty space that we walk around it. Easy version: As long as your tower isn't vastly wide or long, the entire tower would render because the height isnt limited by your render distance. So the sky level blocks would be rendered even if you were on bedrock level. Also, the number of visible blocks in a chunk doesn't affect performance because visible blocks simply replace invisible blocks, making the block count in a chunk the same no matter what.